![]() ![]() reported in a group of patients from Wuhan, who were examined 6 months after the disease, that COVID-19 survivors were mainly troubled with fatigue or muscle weakness, sleep difficulties and anxiety or depression. This points to a longstanding disease (the so called “long COVID”), rather than a self-limiting pathology. Interestingly, the persistence of several symptoms 60 days after the infection of SARS CoV2 has been reported in a recent series these are, more frequently fatigue, dyspnea, joint pain, chest pain, caught, anosmia, sicca syndrome, rhinitis, red eyes, dysgeusia, headache, sputum production, lack of appetite, sore throat, vertigo, myalgia and diarrhea. Ĭurrent estimates are that more than 20 million people globally have “recovered” from COVID-19 however, clinicians are observing and reading reports of patients with persistent severe symptoms and even substantial end-organ dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection.īecause COVID-19 is a new infectious disease, much about the clinical course remains uncertain, in particular, the possible long-term health consequences, if any, and the impact of the severity of the disease on them. Furthermore, hyperinflammation and hypercoagulability mechanisms are potential relevant etiological factors. Mechanisms of such involvement have been hypothesized: in addition to a direct viral invasion of neurons through trans synaptic transfer across infected neurons, entry via the olfactory nerve, infection of vascular endothelium, or leukocyte migration across the blood–brain barrier are considered. Guillain Barrè radiculopathies or plexopaties have also been reported, emphasizing the need for a careful investigation of neurological signs in COVID-19 patients. Encephalomyelitis and peripheral neuropathies, i.e. In particular, an acute CNS involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported, causing more often acute cerebrovascular diseases, conscious disturbances and delirium. Notably, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, myalgia, and fatigue are often reported during the acute disease, suggesting, together with the very frequent symptoms of anosmia and ageusia, a direct involvement of CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Growing evidence, however, shows that COVID-19 can affect different organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). SARS-CoV-2 principally targets the respiratory tract, causing potentially lethal bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Severe emotional disorders in patients who had COVID-19 in the past are confirmed.ĬOVID-19 has become a global public health problem. The results do not support the presence of neurological deficits or cognitive impairment in this selected population of mild–moderate COVID-19 patients four months after the diagnosis. Anxiety, stress and depression scores resulted to be significantly higher in COVID-19 than in non COVID-19 cases. In COVID-19 cases the number of impaired neuropsychological tests was not significantly different from non COVID-19 cases (mean 1.69 and 1 respectively, Mann–Whitney p = n.s.), as well as all the mean tests’ scores. COVID-19 patients did not show general cognitive impairment at MMSE. At 4 month follow-up, 118/120 COVID-19 cases had normal neurological examination, two patients had neurological deficits. A cohort of 120 health care workers previously affected by COVID-19 was examined 4 months after the diagnosis by means of neurological and extensive cognitive evaluation and compared to a group of 30 health care workers who did not have COVID-19 and were similar for age and co morbidities. The aim of this study is to investigate if objective neurological or cognitive impairment is detectable four months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a group of patients who had mild–moderate COVID-19. Although many patients report some subjective symptoms months after the infection, the exact incidence of neurological and cognitive sequelae of COVID-19 remains to be determined. Central and peripheral nervous system involvement during acute COVID-19 is well known. ![]()
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